{
  "name": "FDA AI-Enabled Device Evidence Tracker",
  "publisher": "The Physician AI Handbook",
  "author": "Bryan Tegomoh, MD, MPH",
  "url": "https://physicianaihandbook.com/appendices/fda-ai-device-tracker.html",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "date_modified": "2026-10-30",
  "fda_source": {
    "list_page": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/software-medical-device-samd/artificial-intelligence-enabled-medical-devices",
    "csv_export": "https://www.fda.gov/media/178541/download?attachment",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-30",
    "list_page_content_current_as_of": "2026-09-04",
    "csv_sha256": "4db7f69d21acbf1632259a45b85d4744b5028f42313daa433b73020802d90402",
    "csv_sha256_note": "SHA-256 of the FDA CSV export with line endings normalized to LF"
  },
  "grading": {
    "graded_on": "2026-10-30",
    "graded_device_families": 33,
    "by_grade": {
      "A": 8,
      "B": 11,
      "C": 13,
      "D": 1
    },
    "definitions": {
      "A": "Randomized trial, or prospective study with a concurrent comparison group, measuring patient outcomes or care processes with the device in clinical use; peer reviewed.",
      "B": "Prospective peer-reviewed accuracy or performance study in the intended population and setting, including published FDA pivotal studies.",
      "C": "Retrospective peer-reviewed validation only, such as reader studies on enriched case sets or retrospective cohorts.",
      "D": "No peer-reviewed study of the device found at the grading date; FDA decision summary only."
    }
  },
  "summary": {
    "total": 1614,
    "earliest_decision_date": "1995-09-29",
    "latest_decision_date": "2026-06-29",
    "by_pathway": {
      "510(k)": 1553,
      "De Novo": 40,
      "PMA": 21
    },
    "by_panel": {
      "Radiology": 1230,
      "Cardiovascular": 154,
      "Neurology": 73,
      "Anesthesiology": 30,
      "Gastroenterology-Urology": 27,
      "Hematology": 22,
      "Pathology": 10,
      "Ophthalmic": 10,
      "General and Plastic Surgery": 9,
      "Clinical Chemistry": 9,
      "Orthopedic": 8,
      "Dental": 7,
      "Microbiology": 7,
      "General Hospital": 6,
      "Obstetrics and Gynecology": 5,
      "Clinical Toxcicology": 5,
      "Ear Nose & Throat": 1,
      "Immunology": 1
    },
    "by_year": {
      "1995": 2,
      "1997": 1,
      "1998": 2,
      "2001": 2,
      "2002": 1,
      "2004": 1,
      "2005": 1,
      "2006": 1,
      "2008": 5,
      "2010": 2,
      "2011": 3,
      "2012": 5,
      "2013": 4,
      "2014": 6,
      "2015": 6,
      "2016": 18,
      "2017": 27,
      "2018": 65,
      "2019": 80,
      "2020": 114,
      "2021": 129,
      "2022": 162,
      "2023": 226,
      "2024": 235,
      "2025": 335,
      "2026": 181
    },
    "by_year_pathway": {
      "1995": {
        "510(k)": 0,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 2
      },
      "1997": {
        "510(k)": 1,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "1998": {
        "510(k)": 0,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 2
      },
      "2001": {
        "510(k)": 1,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2002": {
        "510(k)": 0,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2004": {
        "510(k)": 1,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2005": {
        "510(k)": 1,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2006": {
        "510(k)": 0,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2008": {
        "510(k)": 5,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2010": {
        "510(k)": 2,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2011": {
        "510(k)": 2,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2012": {
        "510(k)": 4,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2013": {
        "510(k)": 3,
        "De Novo": 1,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2014": {
        "510(k)": 5,
        "De Novo": 1,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2015": {
        "510(k)": 6,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2016": {
        "510(k)": 17,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2017": {
        "510(k)": 23,
        "De Novo": 2,
        "PMA": 2
      },
      "2018": {
        "510(k)": 58,
        "De Novo": 7,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2019": {
        "510(k)": 80,
        "De Novo": 0,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2020": {
        "510(k)": 113,
        "De Novo": 1,
        "PMA": 0
      },
      "2021": {
        "510(k)": 122,
        "De Novo": 6,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2022": {
        "510(k)": 160,
        "De Novo": 1,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2023": {
        "510(k)": 219,
        "De Novo": 6,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2024": {
        "510(k)": 225,
        "De Novo": 9,
        "PMA": 1
      },
      "2025": {
        "510(k)": 329,
        "De Novo": 2,
        "PMA": 4
      },
      "2026": {
        "510(k)": 176,
        "De Novo": 4,
        "PMA": 1
      }
    }
  },
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "change": "First release. FDA list downloaded October 30, 2026 (list page content current as of September 4, 2026); 33 device families graded."
    }
  ],
  "graded_devices": [
    {
      "tracker_id": "viz-lvo",
      "device_family": "Viz LVO (ContaCT)",
      "company": "Viz.ai",
      "specialty": "Radiology: stroke imaging",
      "representative_submission": "DEN170073",
      "function": "Flags suspected large vessel occlusion on CT angiography and alerts the stroke team by phone",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Martinez-Gutierrez et al., 2023, JAMA Neurology",
      "study_doi": "10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3206",
      "study_design": "Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial at 4 comprehensive stroke centers; 243 patients treated with thrombectomy",
      "study_finding": "Door-to-groin time was 11.2 minutes shorter after activation of automated LVO detection with secure messaging (95% CI 4.2 to 18.2); functional independence did not differ in exploratory analysis (odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 0.42 to 4.0)",
      "second_study_label": "Sachdev et al., 2026, AJNR",
      "second_study_doi": "10.3174/ajnr.A9418",
      "second_study_note": "Retrospective single-center comparison: Viz.ai detected 108 of 147 LVOs (73%) on CT angiography versus 144 (98%) for RapidAI",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (care process)",
      "version_link": "Trial used the Viz.AI LVO software; version not reported in the abstract",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text (trial); abstract (comparison)",
      "notes": "Process outcome; the trial was not powered for functional outcome. Cluster activation order was random except that the academic center went last.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2018-02-13",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN170073",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN170073",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2018-02-13",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K223042",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2022-10-21",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN170073;K223042",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3206",
      "second_study_url": "https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A9418"
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "rapid-lvo",
      "device_family": "Rapid LVO",
      "company": "iSchemaView (RapidAI)",
      "specialty": "Radiology: stroke imaging",
      "representative_submission": "K200941",
      "function": "Flags suspected large vessel occlusion on CT angiography for triage",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Sachdev et al., 2026, AJNR",
      "study_doi": "10.3174/ajnr.A9418",
      "study_design": "Retrospective review of 1,589 consecutive stroke alerts at one comprehensive stroke center, both products run in parallel",
      "study_finding": "RapidAI detected 144 of 147 LVOs (98%) compared with 108 (73%) for Viz.ai, and correctly classified 94% versus 91% of LVO-negative cases",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Version not reported in the abstract",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Single center. No randomized or prospective outcome study of this product was found.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2020-07-09",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K200941",
      "first_listed_submission": "K200941",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2020-07-09",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K221248",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2022-05-31",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K200941;K221248",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A9418",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "aidoc-briefcase-ich",
      "device_family": "Aidoc BriefCase (intracranial hemorrhage triage)",
      "company": "Aidoc",
      "specialty": "Radiology: neuroimaging",
      "representative_submission": "K180647",
      "function": "Triage and notification software for CT findings; this row grades the intracranial hemorrhage module only",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Chavoshi et al., 2025, npj Digital Medicine",
      "study_doi": "10.1038/s41746-025-02244-3",
      "study_design": "Retrospective evaluation of 101,944 non-contrast head CTs in a 17-facility academic health system; reference labels extracted from reports by a language model",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 82.2% and specificity 97.6% for detecting intracranial hemorrhage; sensitivity was lower for subacute (45.5%) and chronic (54.8%) bleeds",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Commercial BriefCase ICH Triage as deployed 2023 to 2025",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "Listed BriefCase triage entries cover several findings; evidence for the hemorrhage module does not transfer to other modules.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2018-08-01",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K180647",
      "first_listed_submission": "K180647",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2018-08-01",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K261317",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2026-05-14",
      "listed_submission_count": "27",
      "listed_submissions": "K180647;K190072;K190896;K192383;K193298;K201020;K203508;K214043;K213721;K213886;K221240;K221314;K222277;K222329;K220709;K221330;K222692;K230020;K232751;K241727;K242837;K243548;K250248;K251406;K253265;K251195;K261317",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02244-3",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "aidoc-care",
      "device_family": "Aidoc CARE multi-triage CT",
      "company": "Aidoc",
      "specialty": "Radiology: body CT",
      "representative_submission": "K252970",
      "function": "Foundation-model triage of multiple acute findings on CT",
      "evidence_grade": "D",
      "study_label": "",
      "study_doi": "",
      "study_design": "No peer-reviewed study of the cleared product found",
      "study_finding": "FDA 510(k) summary is the only public performance source located",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Not assessed",
      "version_link": "",
      "evidence_basis": "PubMed search, 2026-10-30",
      "notes": "Grade D reflects absent published evidence at the grading date, not evidence of poor performance.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2026-01-07",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K252970",
      "first_listed_submission": "K252970",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2026-01-07",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K253578",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2026-02-26",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K252970;K253578",
      "study_url": "",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "transpara",
      "device_family": "Transpara",
      "company": "ScreenPoint Medical",
      "specialty": "Radiology: breast screening",
      "representative_submission": "K181704",
      "function": "Assigns a malignancy risk score to screening mammograms and marks suspicious regions",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Lång et al., 2023, Lancet Oncology (MASAI)",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00298-X",
      "study_design": "Randomised, controlled, non-inferiority screening-accuracy trial at 4 Swedish screening sites; 80,033 women; prespecified clinical safety analysis",
      "study_finding": "Cancer detection was 6.1 versus 5.1 per 1,000 screened with AI-supported versus standard double reading (ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.5), with 44.3% lower screen-reading workload",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable for workload; the higher detection rate was not statistically significant (p=0.052)",
      "version_link": "Transpara 1.7.0, which is on the FDA list as K210404",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "The trial's primary endpoint, interval cancer rate, was still in follow-up at this publication. Swedish double-reading workflow.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2018-11-21",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K181704",
      "first_listed_submission": "K181704",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2018-11-21",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K241831",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-11-25",
      "listed_submission_count": "6",
      "listed_submissions": "K181704;K192287;K193229;K210404;K221347;K241831",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00298-X",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "lunit-insight-mmg",
      "device_family": "Lunit INSIGHT MMG",
      "company": "Lunit",
      "specialty": "Radiology: breast screening",
      "representative_submission": "K211678",
      "function": "Detects and scores suspicious findings on screening mammograms",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Dembrower et al., 2023, Lancet Digital Health (ScreenTrustCAD)",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00153-X",
      "study_design": "Prospective, population-based, paired-reader non-inferiority study at one Stockholm hospital; 55,581 women",
      "study_finding": "One radiologist plus AI detected 261 cancers versus 250 for two radiologists (relative proportion 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09)",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (detection)",
      "version_link": "INSIGHT MMG version 1.1.6",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "Single site, Philips equipment, Swedish double reading with consensus. Funding included Lunit.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-11-17",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K211678",
      "first_listed_submission": "K211678",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-11-17",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K260320",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2026-04-23",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K211678;K260320",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00153-X",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "icad-dbt",
      "device_family": "PowerLook Tomo Detection / ProFound AI for DBT",
      "company": "iCAD",
      "specialty": "Radiology: breast screening",
      "representative_submission": "P160009",
      "function": "Detects suspicious soft-tissue lesions and calcifications on digital breast tomosynthesis",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Conant et al., 2019, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence",
      "study_doi": "10.1148/ryai.2019180096",
      "study_design": "Retrospective multireader study; 24 radiologists read 260 DBT exams (65 cancers) with and without AI",
      "study_finding": "Reader AUC for detecting malignant lesions rose from 0.795 without AI to 0.852 with AI; reading time fell 52.7%",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (reader study)",
      "version_link": "PowerLook Tomo Detection 2.0, on the FDA list as K182373",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "Enriched case set; several authors were iCAD employees.",
      "representative_pathway": "PMA",
      "representative_decision_date": "2017-03-24",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P160009",
      "first_listed_submission": "P160009",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2017-03-24",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K240417",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-11-08",
      "listed_submission_count": "5",
      "listed_submissions": "P160009;K182373;K191994;K203822;K240417",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.2019180096",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "koios-ds",
      "device_family": "Koios DS",
      "company": "Koios Medical",
      "specialty": "Radiology: breast ultrasound",
      "representative_submission": "K190442",
      "function": "Classifies breast ultrasound lesions into risk categories",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Mango et al., 2020, AJR",
      "study_doi": "10.2214/AJR.19.21872",
      "study_design": "Retrospective multicenter reader study; 900 lesions read by 15 physicians with and without decision support",
      "study_finding": "Mean reader AUC for classifying lesions rose from 0.83 with ultrasound alone to 0.87 with decision support",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (reader study)",
      "version_link": "Koios DS for Breast",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Enriched case mix (47.8% malignant).",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2019-07-03",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K190442",
      "first_listed_submission": "K190442",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2019-07-03",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K242130",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-11-15",
      "listed_submission_count": "3",
      "listed_submissions": "K190442;K212616;K242130",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.19.21872",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "annalise-cxr",
      "device_family": "Annalise Enterprise CXR",
      "company": "Annalise-AI (Harrison.ai)",
      "specialty": "Radiology: chest radiography",
      "representative_submission": "K213941",
      "function": "Triage of specified findings on chest radiographs, such as pneumothorax",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Seah et al., 2021, Lancet Digital Health",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00106-0",
      "study_design": "Retrospective multireader multicase study; 20 radiologists, 2,568 enriched cases, 127 findings",
      "study_finding": "Macroaveraged reader AUC across 127 findings rose from 0.713 unassisted to 0.808 with the model",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (reader study)",
      "version_link": "Multi-finding research model underlying Annalise CXR; FDA entries cover triage of specific findings, not all findings studied",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Company-funded and largely company-authored.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2022-02-24",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K213941",
      "first_listed_submission": "K213941",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2022-02-24",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K222268",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2023-03-28",
      "listed_submission_count": "3",
      "listed_submissions": "K213941;K222179;K222268",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00106-0",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "lunit-insight-cxr",
      "device_family": "Lunit INSIGHT CXR Triage",
      "company": "Lunit",
      "specialty": "Radiology: chest radiography",
      "representative_submission": "K211733",
      "function": "Sorts chest radiographs into normal, non-urgent, and urgent for worklist triage",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Sridharan et al., 2024, European Journal of Radiology",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111783",
      "study_design": "Prospective clinical evaluation in Singapore (authors' design label); 43 radiologists blinded to AI output",
      "study_finding": "For the urgent category, sensitivity 82% and specificity 99% against radiologist classification",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "LUNIT INSIGHT CXR Triage",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Graded from the abstract; site count not stated there.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-11-10",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K211733",
      "first_listed_submission": "K211733",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-11-10",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K211733",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2021-11-10",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K211733",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111783",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "gleamer-boneview",
      "device_family": "BoneView",
      "company": "Gleamer",
      "specialty": "Radiology: musculoskeletal",
      "representative_submission": "K212365",
      "function": "Identifies and highlights fractures on radiographs as a concurrent reading aid",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Guermazi et al., 2022, Radiology",
      "study_doi": "10.1148/radiol.210937",
      "study_design": "Retrospective multireader multicase study; 480 exams, 24 readers from six specialties, fracture prevalence set at 50%",
      "study_finding": "Per-patient sensitivity for fractures rose from 64.8% without AI to 75.2% with AI; specificity was noninferior",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (reader study)",
      "version_link": "Gleamer BoneView",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract and publisher methods",
      "notes": "Funded by Gleamer, which built the study sample and design.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2022-03-01",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K212365",
      "first_listed_submission": "K212365",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2022-03-01",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K222176",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2023-03-02",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K212365;K222176",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.210937",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "optellum-vnc",
      "device_family": "Optellum Virtual Nodule Clinic",
      "company": "Optellum",
      "specialty": "Radiology: chest CT",
      "representative_submission": "K202300",
      "function": "Estimates malignancy risk for indeterminate pulmonary nodules on CT",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Kim et al., 2022, Radiology",
      "study_doi": "10.1148/radiol.212182",
      "study_design": "Retrospective multireader multicase study; 300 chest CTs, 12 readers (radiologists and pulmonologists)",
      "study_finding": "Readers' average AUC for malignancy rose from 0.82 to 0.89 with the tool; interobserver agreement improved",
      "second_study_label": "Massion et al., 2020, AJRCCM",
      "second_study_doi": "10.1164/rccm.201903-0505OC",
      "second_study_note": "Development and retrospective external validation of the underlying LCP-CNN model",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (reader study)",
      "version_link": "Virtual Nodule Clinic version 2.0.0",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "Enriched set, 50% malignant.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-03-05",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K202300",
      "first_listed_submission": "K202300",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-03-05",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K202300",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2021-03-05",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K202300",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.212182",
      "second_study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201903-0505OC"
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "heartflow-ffrct",
      "device_family": "HeartFlow FFRct Analysis",
      "company": "HeartFlow",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: coronary CT",
      "representative_submission": "K152733",
      "function": "Computes fractional flow reserve from coronary CT angiography",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Curzen et al., 2021, European Heart Journal (FORECAST)",
      "study_doi": "10.1093/eurheartj/ehab444",
      "study_design": "Randomized trial; 1,400 patients with stable chest pain at 11 UK centres",
      "study_finding": "CT angiography with selective FFRct did not change 9-month cardiac costs or major adverse events compared with standard care, but reduced invasive angiography (19% versus 25%)",
      "second_study_label": "Douglas et al., 2015, European Heart Journal (PLATFORM)",
      "second_study_doi": "10.1093/eurheartj/ehv444",
      "second_study_note": "Prospective multicenter comparison of consecutive cohorts at 11 sites: among patients with planned invasive angiography, no obstructive disease was found in 12% with FFRct-guided care versus 73% with usual care",
      "outcome_direction": "Mixed (fewer invasive tests; no cost or event difference)",
      "version_link": "Earlier HeartFlow versions; the first entry on the FDA list is K152733",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Earlier HeartFlow authorizations that are not on the FDA AI list are not shown.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2016-01-13",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K152733",
      "first_listed_submission": "K152733",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2016-01-13",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K250902",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2025-07-18",
      "listed_submission_count": "7",
      "listed_submissions": "K152733;K161772;K182035;K190925;K203329;K213857;K250902",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab444",
      "second_study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv444"
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "cathworks-ffrangio",
      "device_family": "FFRangio",
      "company": "CathWorks",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: invasive angiography",
      "representative_submission": "K182149",
      "function": "Derives fractional flow reserve from routine coronary angiograms",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Fearon et al., 2019, Circulation (FAST-FFR)",
      "study_doi": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037350",
      "study_design": "Prospective multicenter international accuracy study; 10 centers, 301 patients, 319 vessels",
      "study_finding": "Per-vessel sensitivity 94% and specificity 91% for predicting pressure-wire FFR of 0.80 or less",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "FFRangio as used in FAST-FFR",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2018-12-19",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K182149",
      "first_listed_submission": "K182149",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2018-12-19",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K192442",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2019-12-09",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K182149;K192442",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037350",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "caption-guidance",
      "device_family": "Caption Guidance",
      "company": "Caption Health (Bay Labs at authorization)",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: echocardiography",
      "representative_submission": "DEN190040",
      "function": "Guides novice operators in real time to acquire diagnostic echocardiographic views",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Narang et al., 2021, JAMA Cardiology",
      "study_doi": "10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0185",
      "study_design": "Prospective multicenter diagnostic study at 2 hospitals; 8 nurses without echo experience scanned 240 patients",
      "study_finding": "Nurse scans with AI guidance were judged diagnostic for left ventricular size, function, and pericardial effusion in 237 of 240 patients (98.8%)",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (image acquisition)",
      "version_link": "Deep-learning guidance software as tested in 2019",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Measures image quality, not patient outcomes.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2020-02-07",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN190040",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN190040",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2020-02-07",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K243065",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2025-01-15",
      "listed_submission_count": "4",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN190040;K200755;K201992;K243065",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0185",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "us2ai",
      "device_family": "Us2.ai",
      "company": "Us2.ai (Eko.ai Pte. Ltd.)",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: echocardiography",
      "representative_submission": "K210791",
      "function": "Automated echocardiographic measurement and reporting",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Tromp et al., 2022, Lancet Digital Health",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00235-1",
      "study_design": "Multicohort validation against manual measurements in existing datasets, with a 142-study prospective re-measurement subset",
      "study_finding": "Automated measurements agreed with expert sonographer measurements across cohorts from Asia, Canada, Taiwan, and the US",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Research workflow underlying the product",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Graded conservatively: the prospective component is a small re-measurement subset.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-07-27",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K210791",
      "first_listed_submission": "K210791",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-07-27",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K233676",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-04-01",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K210791;K233676",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00235-1",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "echogo-hf",
      "device_family": "EchoGo Heart Failure",
      "company": "Ultromics",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: echocardiography",
      "representative_submission": "K240013",
      "function": "Detects heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from one apical four-chamber echo clip",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Akerman et al., 2023, JACC: Advances",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100452",
      "study_design": "Model development with an independent multisite test set of 646 cases and 638 controls",
      "study_finding": "In independent testing, sensitivity 87.8% for identifying HFpEF; 7.3% of studies were nondiagnostic",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Research model preceding EchoGo Heart Failure 2.0",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "Case-control design; supported by Ultromics.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2024-09-23",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K240013",
      "first_listed_submission": "K240013",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2024-09-23",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K240013",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-09-23",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K240013",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100452",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "anumana-ecg-ai-lef",
      "device_family": "ECG-AI Low Ejection Fraction",
      "company": "Anumana",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: electrocardiography",
      "representative_submission": "K232699",
      "function": "Flags adults likely to have low left ventricular ejection fraction from a 12-lead ECG",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Yao et al., 2021, Nature Medicine (EAGLE)",
      "study_doi": "10.1038/s41591-021-01335-4",
      "study_design": "Pragmatic cluster randomized trial; 120 primary care teams, 45 clinics, 22,641 adults",
      "study_finding": "New diagnoses of low EF within 90 days were 2.1% with AI results versus 1.6% with usual care (odds ratio 1.32)",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (diagnosis yield)",
      "version_link": "Trial tested the Mayo Clinic AI-ECG algorithm later licensed to Anumana; trial threshold EF 50% or less, cleared indication EF 40% or less",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Outcome is new diagnosis, not clinical events.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2023-09-28",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K232699",
      "first_listed_submission": "K232699",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2023-09-28",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K250652",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2025-07-28",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K232699;K250652",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01335-4",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "eko-low-ef",
      "device_family": "Eko Low Ejection Fraction Tool (ELEFT)",
      "company": "Eko Health",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: point-of-care screening",
      "representative_submission": "K233409",
      "function": "Flags low ejection fraction from single-lead ECG recorded by an ECG-enabled stethoscope",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Bachtiger et al., 2022, Lancet Digital Health",
      "study_doi": "10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00256-9",
      "study_design": "Prospective, observational, multicentre study in London; 1,050 patients referred for echocardiography",
      "study_finding": "AUROC 0.85 for identifying LVEF of 40% or lower at the pulmonary auscultation position",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "AI-ECG retrained for single-lead input on the Eko DUO stethoscope; equivalence to the cleared tool is not stated",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2024-03-28",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K233409",
      "first_listed_submission": "K233409",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2024-03-28",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K233409",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-03-28",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K233409",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00256-9",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "eko-murmur",
      "device_family": "Eko Murmur Analysis Software",
      "company": "Eko Health",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: auscultation",
      "representative_submission": "K213794",
      "function": "Detects heart murmurs from digital stethoscope recordings",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Chorba et al., 2021, Journal of the American Heart Association",
      "study_doi": "10.1161/JAHA.120.019905",
      "study_design": "Algorithm trained on prior recordings and tested in 962 patients enrolled in a prospective clinical study (NCT03458806)",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 76.3% and specificity 91.4% for detecting murmurs against echocardiography and expert annotation",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Eko murmur detection algorithm as described in 2021; an earlier Eko Analysis Software entry (K192004) is also on the FDA list",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2022-06-29",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K213794",
      "first_listed_submission": "K213794",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2022-06-29",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K213794",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2022-06-29",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K213794",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019905",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "apple-irnf",
      "device_family": "Irregular Rhythm Notification Feature",
      "company": "Apple",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: consumer wearables",
      "representative_submission": "K212516",
      "function": "Notifies smartwatch users of pulse irregularity suggestive of atrial fibrillation",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Perez et al., 2019, NEJM (Apple Heart Study)",
      "study_doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa1901183",
      "study_design": "Prospective, siteless, single-arm pragmatic study; 419,297 participants",
      "study_finding": "0.52% received notifications; positive predictive value 0.84 for atrial fibrillation on a simultaneously worn ECG patch",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Algorithm version studied predates the first listed entry",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Funded by Apple. No comparison group.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-10-22",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K212516",
      "first_listed_submission": "K212516",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-10-22",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K231173",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2023-07-21",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K212516;K231173",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1901183",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "tempus-ecg-af",
      "device_family": "Tempus ECG-AF",
      "company": "Tempus AI",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: electrocardiography",
      "representative_submission": "K233549",
      "function": "Estimates risk of developing atrial fibrillation from a 12-lead ECG",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Raghunath et al., 2021, Circulation",
      "study_doi": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047829",
      "study_design": "Retrospective development and validation on 1.6 million ECGs from 430,000 patients at one health system",
      "study_finding": "AUROC 0.85 for predicting new-onset atrial fibrillation within 1 year",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Geisinger research model; Tempus co-authors and funding",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2024-06-21",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K233549",
      "first_listed_submission": "K233549",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2024-06-21",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K233549",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-06-21",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K233549",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047829",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "viz-hcm",
      "device_family": "Viz HCM",
      "company": "Viz.ai",
      "specialty": "Cardiology: electrocardiography",
      "representative_submission": "DEN230003",
      "function": "Flags suspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on a 12-lead ECG",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Hillis et al., 2025, Circulation: Heart Failure",
      "study_doi": "10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012667",
      "study_design": "Retrospective case selection at 3 hospitals; 293 HCM-positive and 2,912 HCM-negative cases",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 68.4% and specificity 99.1% for detecting HCM; positive predictive value 13.7% at an assumed 1-in-500 prevalence",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Viz HCM device",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2023-08-03",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN230003",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN230003",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2023-08-03",
      "latest_listed_submission": "DEN230003",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2023-08-03",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN230003",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012667",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "edwards-hpi",
      "device_family": "Acumen Hypotension Prediction Index",
      "company": "Edwards Lifesciences",
      "specialty": "Anesthesiology: intraoperative monitoring",
      "representative_submission": "DEN160044",
      "function": "Predicts intraoperative hypotension from the arterial waveform",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Wijnberge et al., 2020, JAMA (HYPE)",
      "study_doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.0592",
      "study_design": "Single-center randomized trial; 68 patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery",
      "study_finding": "Median time-weighted average of hypotension was 0.10 mm Hg with the early warning system versus 0.44 mm Hg with standard care",
      "second_study_label": "Maheshwari et al., 2020, Anesthesiology",
      "second_study_doi": "10.1097/ALN.0000000000003557",
      "second_study_note": "Randomized pilot trial, 214 patients: index guidance did not reduce hypotension; half of alerts were not followed by treatment",
      "outcome_direction": "Mixed (one positive and one null randomized trial)",
      "version_link": "Hypotension Prediction Index software",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text (HYPE); abstract (Maheshwari)",
      "notes": "Benefit depended on a treatment protocol and on clinicians acting on alerts.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2018-03-16",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN160044",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN160044",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2018-03-16",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K183646",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2019-05-21",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN160044;K183646",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0592",
      "second_study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003557"
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "idx-dr",
      "device_family": "IDx-DR (LumineticsCore)",
      "company": "Digital Diagnostics",
      "specialty": "Ophthalmology: diabetic retinopathy",
      "representative_submission": "DEN180001",
      "function": "Autonomous detection of more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy in primary care",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Wolf et al., 2024, Nature Communications (ACCESS)",
      "study_doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-44676-z",
      "study_design": "Parallel randomized controlled trial; 164 youth aged 8 to 21 with diabetes at one pediatric center",
      "study_finding": "Diabetic eye exam completion within 6 months was 100% with point-of-care autonomous AI versus 22% with referral",
      "second_study_label": "Abràmoff et al., 2018, npj Digital Medicine",
      "second_study_doi": "10.1038/s41746-018-0040-6",
      "second_study_note": "Prospective pivotal trial, 900 adults at primary care sites: sensitivity 87.2% and specificity 90.7% for detecting more-than-mild DR against reading-center grading",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (exam completion)",
      "version_link": "IDx-DR as authorized in 2018; the trial population was younger than the adult indication",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "ACCESS tested youth, outside the adult indication of the 2018 authorization.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2018-04-11",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN180001",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN180001",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2018-04-11",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K213037",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2022-06-17",
      "listed_submission_count": "3",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN180001;K203629;K213037",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44676-z",
      "second_study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-018-0040-6"
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "eyeart",
      "device_family": "EyeArt",
      "company": "Eyenuk",
      "specialty": "Ophthalmology: diabetic retinopathy",
      "representative_submission": "K200667",
      "function": "Autonomous detection of referable and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Ipp et al., 2021, JAMA Network Open",
      "study_doi": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34254",
      "study_design": "Prospective multicenter cross-sectional diagnostic study; 893 patients at 15 primary care and eye care sites",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 95.5% and specificity 85.0% for detecting more-than-mild DR without dilation against reading-center grading",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "EyeArt version 2.1.0",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2020-08-03",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K200667",
      "first_listed_submission": "K200667",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2020-08-03",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K223357",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2023-06-16",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K200667;K223357",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34254",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "aeye-ds",
      "device_family": "AEYE-DS",
      "company": "AEYE Health",
      "specialty": "Ophthalmology: diabetic retinopathy",
      "representative_submission": "K221183",
      "function": "Autonomous detection of more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy, including with a handheld camera",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Dvey-Aharon et al., 2026, Frontiers in Digital Health",
      "study_doi": "10.3389/fdgth.2026.1907804",
      "study_design": "Three prospective pivotal validation studies; more than 1,200 patients; desktop and handheld cameras",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 92% to 93% and specificity 89% to 94% for detecting more-than-mild DR against reading-center grading",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "AEYE-DS pivotal versions",
      "evidence_basis": "Full text",
      "notes": "Company-authored report of the FDA pivotal studies.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2022-11-10",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K221183",
      "first_listed_submission": "K221183",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2022-11-10",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K240058",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-04-23",
      "listed_submission_count": "2",
      "listed_submissions": "K221183;K240058",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1907804",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "gi-genius",
      "device_family": "GI Genius",
      "company": "Cosmo Artificial Intelligence (Medtronic)",
      "specialty": "Gastroenterology: colonoscopy",
      "representative_submission": "DEN200055",
      "function": "Real-time computer-aided detection of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Repici et al., 2020, Gastroenterology",
      "study_doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.062",
      "study_design": "Multicenter randomized trial; 685 patients at 3 Italian centers",
      "study_finding": "Adenoma detection rate was 54.8% with computer-aided detection versus 40.4% without (relative risk 1.30)",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (adenoma detection)",
      "version_link": "GI Genius",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Adenoma detection is a surrogate; interval cancer and mortality were not measured.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-04-09",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN200055",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN200055",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-04-09",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K261369",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2026-05-29",
      "listed_submission_count": "6",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN200055;K211951;K231143;K233964;K241887;K261369",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.062",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "dermasensor",
      "device_family": "DermaSensor",
      "company": "DermaSensor",
      "specialty": "Dermatology: skin cancer",
      "representative_submission": "DEN230008",
      "function": "Handheld elastic scattering spectroscopy with an algorithm that recommends investigate further or monitor",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Merry et al., 2025, Journal of Primary Care & Community Health (DERM-SUCCESS)",
      "study_doi": "10.1177/21501319251344423",
      "study_design": "Blinded, prospective, multicenter pivotal study at 22 primary care clinics in the US and Australia; 1,579 lesions",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 95.5% and specificity 20.7% for detecting skin cancer against histopathology; positive predictive value 16.6%",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "DermaSensor pivotal device",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Low specificity: most lesions flagged for further investigation were benign.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2024-01-12",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN230008",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN230008",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2024-01-12",
      "latest_listed_submission": "DEN230008",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-01-12",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN230008",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319251344423",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "paige-prostate",
      "device_family": "Paige Prostate",
      "company": "Paige.AI",
      "specialty": "Pathology: prostate biopsy",
      "representative_submission": "DEN200080",
      "function": "Flags suspicious areas on digitized prostate biopsy slides",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "da Silva et al., 2021, Journal of Pathology",
      "study_doi": "10.1002/path.5662",
      "study_design": "Independent application to 600 biopsy part-specimens from 100 consecutive patients",
      "study_finding": "Part-specimen sensitivity 0.99 and specificity 0.93 for identifying slides needing further review",
      "second_study_label": "Raciti et al., 2020, Modern Pathology",
      "second_study_doi": "10.1038/s41379-020-0551-y",
      "second_study_note": "Retrospective reader study with Paige Prostate Alpha: pathologist sensitivity rose from 74% to 90%",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Paige Prostate (clinical-grade); the reader study used the Alpha version",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2021-09-21",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN200080",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN200080",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2021-09-21",
      "latest_listed_submission": "DEN200080",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2021-09-21",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN200080",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5662",
      "second_study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-0551-y"
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "sepsis-immunoscore",
      "device_family": "Sepsis ImmunoScore",
      "company": "Prenosis",
      "specialty": "Critical care: sepsis",
      "representative_submission": "DEN230036",
      "function": "Estimates sepsis risk within 24 hours from laboratory and clinical data once a blood culture is ordered",
      "evidence_grade": "B",
      "study_label": "Bhargava et al., 2024, NEJM AI",
      "study_doi": "10.1056/AIoa2400867",
      "study_design": "Prospective enrollment at 5 US institutions; derivation, internal validation, and external validation (698 patients) cohorts",
      "study_finding": "AUC 0.81 for identifying sepsis within 24 hours in the external validation cohort",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Sepsis ImmunoScore",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Requires that a clinician already suspects infection.",
      "representative_pathway": "De Novo",
      "representative_decision_date": "2024-04-02",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm?id=DEN230036",
      "first_listed_submission": "DEN230036",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2024-04-02",
      "latest_listed_submission": "DEN230036",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2024-04-02",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "DEN230036",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/AIoa2400867",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "bayesian-trews",
      "device_family": "Bayesian Health Sepsis Flagging Device (TREWS)",
      "company": "Bayesian Health",
      "specialty": "Critical care: sepsis",
      "representative_submission": "K250680",
      "function": "Continuous EHR-based sepsis risk flag for adults in the emergency department and inpatient units",
      "evidence_grade": "A",
      "study_label": "Adams et al., 2022, Nature Medicine",
      "study_doi": "10.1038/s41591-022-01894-0",
      "study_design": "Prospective multi-site cohort study at 5 hospitals; 590,736 patients monitored, 6,877 sepsis patients analyzed",
      "study_finding": "When providers confirmed the alert within 3 hours, adjusted in-hospital mortality was 3.3 percentage points lower than when they did not",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Favorable (observational)",
      "version_link": "TREWS, renamed Bayesian Health Sepsis Flagging Device",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "Observational: the comparison is by provider response to the alert, not by randomization.",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2026-04-30",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K250680",
      "first_listed_submission": "K250680",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2026-04-30",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K250680",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2026-04-30",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K250680",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01894-0",
      "second_study_url": ""
    },
    {
      "tracker_id": "ceribell-se",
      "device_family": "Ceribell Status Epilepticus Monitor",
      "company": "Ceribell",
      "specialty": "Neurology: critical care EEG",
      "representative_submission": "K223504",
      "function": "Estimates seizure burden on point-of-care EEG and alerts for electrographic status epilepticus",
      "evidence_grade": "C",
      "study_label": "Sheikh et al., 2026, Epilepsia",
      "study_doi": "10.1002/epi.70352",
      "study_design": "Retrospective test of algorithm version 8 on a previously used rapid-response EEG dataset",
      "study_finding": "Sensitivity 100% for detecting electrographic status epilepticus at 10% to 20% burden thresholds, with specificity 0.90",
      "second_study_label": "",
      "second_study_doi": "",
      "second_study_note": "",
      "outcome_direction": "Accuracy only",
      "version_link": "Automated Seizure Burden Estimator version 8",
      "evidence_basis": "Abstract",
      "notes": "",
      "representative_pathway": "510(k)",
      "representative_decision_date": "2023-05-23",
      "representative_fda_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K223504",
      "first_listed_submission": "K223504",
      "first_listed_decision_date": "2023-05-23",
      "latest_listed_submission": "K223504",
      "latest_listed_decision_date": "2023-05-23",
      "listed_submission_count": "1",
      "listed_submissions": "K223504",
      "study_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/epi.70352",
      "second_study_url": ""
    }
  ]
}
